Plantation, Florida professional pigeon control and bird removal services. WD Pigeon Solutions provides humane pigeon deterrent installation, bird exclusion, dropping cleanup, and prevention programs in Plantation and surrounding areas. Connect with vetted local providers for a free assessment.
Pigeon Control in Plantation, Florida — Humane Bird Removal & Prevention
Professional pigeon control services for residential, commercial, and industrial properties in Plantation. Free inspections available, long-lasting results, and humane methods that work.

Last updated: January 16, 2026 · Content reviewed for accuracy
Pigeon Control in Plantation: The Growing Challenge
In Plantation, Florida, pigeon control is a growing priority as flocks continue to expand into commercial districts and residential neighborhoods alike.
Pigeons cluster around car dealership complexes and urgent care and dental clinics in Plantation, attracted by readily available school cafeteria dumpsters and sheltered ledges.
Pigeon droppings in Plantation properties can harbor harmful organisms including Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Chlamydia psittaci, which may cause respiratory illness in humans.
Certified technicians in Plantation install commercial-grade bird spikes on satellite dish mounting brackets and gutter and soffit intersections, providing long-lasting deterrence without harming the birds.
Properties such as single-family homes and townhouse developments are especially vulnerable to pigeon-related liability concerns, as accumulated droppings create slippery walkways and unsanitary conditions for visitors.
Plantation's temperate four-season climate creates conditions where pigeon activity peaks during March through October, making early intervention critical.
Effective pigeon prevention in Plantation requires eliminating food sources, sealing entry points, and installing physical deterrents on roosting surfaces.
Whether you manage a single building or an entire portfolio in Plantation, WD Pigeon Solutions has the expertise and equipment to solve your pigeon problem—call us today.
Pigeon Control Services Available in Plantation
Browse our specialized pigeon control services available in Plantation, Florida:
View all 51 services

Pigeon Control Services Available in Plantation, Florida
WD Pigeon Solutions connects Plantation, Florida property owners with comprehensive pigeon management. The process starts with a complimentary on-site assessment where a provider documents every active roost, maps nesting activity around car dealership complexes and movie theater buildings, and builds a treatment strategy matched to your property.
Services available in Plantation include:
- Pigeon Exclusion & Netting — Commercial-grade netting installed across satellite dish mounting brackets, open courtyards, and recessed facades. Polyethylene nets are UV-stabilized for long-term durability and virtually invisible from street level.
- Bird Spike Installation — Precision-mounted stainless steel and polycarbonate spikes that eliminate roosting along gutter and soffit intersections, rooflines, and equipment housings. Effective on the urgent care and dental clinics common across Plantation.
- Solar Panel Pigeon Guards — Custom critter guard mesh that seals every gap between rooftop panels and the roof deck. Prevents nesting, wiring damage, and efficiency loss without voiding panel warranties.
- Shock Track Systems — Low-voltage deterrent strips delivering a harmless pulse on contact. An ideal solution for car dealership complexes where visual aesthetics matter and traditional spikes are not suitable.
- Dropping Cleanup & Sanitization — OSHA-compliant removal and hospital-grade disinfection of droppings, nesting material, and debris. Critical for Plantation properties in food service, healthcare, and hospitality.
- Ongoing Maintenance Plans — Scheduled inspection and maintenance contracts that keep Plantation properties pigeon-free year-round with system checks, cleaning, and full warranty support.
Common Pigeon Problems in Plantation
Plantation's big-box retail stores are especially vulnerable to pigeon colonization because of proximity to fast-food parking lot litter and pet food left outdoors.
Vehicle owners near pigeon-infested Plantation buildings face paint damage from droppings, which can etch clear coat finishes within hours of contact.
Accumulated pigeon waste in Plantation creates a breeding ground for pathogens responsible for histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and psittacosis—diseases that pose serious respiratory risks.
Persistent odor from accumulated droppings, increased insect activity around pigeon waste, and visible birds entering wall gaps are clear signals of an active infestation in Plantation properties.
Insurance claims related to pigeon damage are on the rise for townhouse developments and assisted living facilities, with corrosion, drain blockages, and fire hazards from nesting material among the most common issues.
Characterized by its temperate four-season climate, Plantation sees the highest pigeon breeding pressure during March through October, when nesting accelerates rapidly.

Top Pigeon Hotspots in Plantation
Key areas across Plantation where pigeon infestations concentrate and cause the most damage.
Plantation Multi-family apartment complexes Zone
Multi-family apartment complexes in Plantation are frequent pigeon hotspots — particularly around drive-through canopies. Established flocks exploit these sheltered areas for roosting and nesting year after year.
Plantation Suburban office campuses Zone
Suburban office campuses in Plantation are frequent pigeon hotspots — particularly around retail store signage gaps. Established flocks exploit these sheltered areas for roosting and nesting year after year.
Plantation Big-box retail stores Zone
Big-box retail stores in Plantation are frequent pigeon hotspots — particularly around gutter and soffit intersections. Established flocks exploit these sheltered areas for roosting and nesting year after year.
Plantation Parking Structures
Parking structures with sheltered upper levels in Plantation provide pigeons with elevated, weather-protected perching. Droppings accumulate on vehicles and stairwells, creating safety and aesthetic concerns.
Plantation Movie theater buildings Zone
Movie theater buildings in Plantation are frequent pigeon hotspots — particularly around highway overpass ledges. Established flocks exploit these sheltered areas for roosting and nesting year after year.
Plantation Strip malls and shopping plazas Zone
Strip malls and shopping plazas in Plantation are frequent pigeon hotspots — particularly around playground shelter roofs. Established flocks exploit these sheltered areas for roosting and nesting year after year.
Why Use WD Pigeon Solutions in Plantation?
Pigeon problems in Plantation rarely fix themselves — colonies grow, damage compounds, and cleanup costs spiral. WD Pigeon Solutions gives owners of medical office buildings and self-storage facilities a permanent exit from that cycle. Here's why Plantation property owners choose to work with us over generic pest control providers:
Specialized Pigeon Expertise — Matched providers in Plantation focus exclusively on pigeon and bird exclusion, which means they diagnose problems faster and install systems that general contractors routinely get wrong on multi-family apartment complexes and schools and community centers.
Complimentary Assessments — Your property is inspected at no charge, with photo documentation of every problem area and a written estimate before you commit to anything. Zero sales pressure, zero obligation.
Non-Lethal Exclusion Standard — The entire approach is built on physical barriers — netting, spikes, shock tracks, and panel guards. No poisons, no harmful traps. Every method deployed in Plantation complies with federal wildlife regulations and Florida standards.
Multi-Decade Warranties — Manufacturer-backed warranties covering up to 25 years protect your investment. Confirm warranty terms with your provider for details.
Turnkey Project Management — We coordinate every phase of your pigeon control project — inspection, installation, sanitization, and ongoing maintenance — so Plantation property owners deal with a single point of contact instead of juggling contractors.
Comprehensive Coverage — Matched providers are fully licensed and insured for operations in Plantation, Florida. Commercial liability coverage protects your property throughout every stage of the work.
Seasonal Pigeon Activity in Plantation
How pigeon behavior in Plantation shifts through the year — and when to act.
Spring (Mar–May)
60–85°FNesting intensifies. Abundant warm-weather food sources fuel rapid population growth across the region.
Our Recommendation:
Early-spring netting installations lock pigeons out before the humid breeding surge begins.
Summer (Jun–Aug)
80–100°FContinuous breeding in hot, humid conditions. Pigeons seek shade under carports, awnings, and covered structures.
Our Recommendation:
Install additional deterrents on shaded structures that become summer refuges for heat-stressed flocks.
Fall (Sep–Nov)
60–85°FPopulations remain large. Tropical weather events may displace flocks to new buildings.
Our Recommendation:
Re-secure any storm-loosened exclusion hardware before fall breeding ramps up again.
Winter (Dec–Feb)
40–65°FMild winters allow nearly uninterrupted breeding. Colonies maintain size through the cool season.
Our Recommendation:
Take advantage of cooler temperatures for major installation projects that are harder to staff in summer heat.
What to Expect During Your Plantation Pigeon Control Service
The pigeon control process in Plantation is designed to move quickly from first contact to permanent results. Here's how it works:
Step 1: Initial Contact & Scheduling — Contact us and we'll schedule a free property visit within 48 hours. For urgent situations involving health code pressure or pigeons inside occupied spaces, prompt appointments are available throughout Plantation.
Step 2: Comprehensive Property Audit — The matched provider conducts a full exterior and interior assessment of your Plantation property. They inspect gutter and soffit intersections, playground shelter roofs, rooftop mechanical units, solar arrays, and every gap or opening that pigeons could exploit. The audit covers movie theater buildings and urgent care and dental clinics with equal thoroughness.
Step 3: Solution Design & Approval — You receive a written proposal mapping each deterrent system to a specific area of your property. The document includes material specifications, a project timeline, and transparent pricing. Nothing proceeds until you approve the plan.
Step 4: Exclusion System Installation — The provider's crew installs netting, spikes, shock tracks, panel guards, or a combination of systems matched to your building. Standard residential properties in Plantation are completed in one day; multi-structure projects on movie theater buildings typically require 2–5 days.
Step 5: Sanitization & Restoration — All pigeon droppings, nesting material, and biological contamination are removed from treated surfaces. Hospital-grade disinfectants are applied following OSHA protocols, restoring areas around gutter and soffit intersections and playground shelter roofs to a clean, safe condition.
Step 6: Ongoing Protection Program — A follow-up inspection within 30 days confirms that every system is performing. Annual maintenance contracts are available for Plantation property owners who want continuous monitoring, scheduled cleaning, and reliable long-term results.

Plantation Pigeon Facts & Statistics
Key statistics every Plantation property owner should know about pigeon infestations:
- Structural exposure — Plantation's mix of schools and community centers and car dealership complexes creates ideal habitat with abundant nesting surfaces and roost sites
- Dropping volume: A single pigeon produces approximately 25 pounds of waste annually — multiply by dozens or hundreds of birds per colony, and the accumulation on Plantation properties is staggering
- Extended breeding season — Plantation's temperate four-season climate allows breeding through March through October, meaning colonies grow faster than in harsher climates
- Health hazard scope: Pigeons carry 60+ transmissible diseases; droppings near HVAC intakes on self-storage facilities pose particular indoor air quality risks
- Population growth rate: Under favorable Southeast conditions, a single pair produces 6–8 young per year, each capable of breeding within 6 months
- Lifespan in cities: Urban pigeons live 3–5 years on average, with some individuals persisting 15+ years in food-rich environments
- Site fidelity: Pigeons are genetically programmed to return to established roost sites — physical exclusion is the only permanent solution
- Corrosion factor: At pH 3.5–4.5, pigeon droppings actively erode building materials across Plantation's car dealership complexes
- Contamination spread: Aerosolized spores from dried droppings can travel considerable distances, affecting neighboring properties
- Property value impact: Visible pigeon damage on self-storage facilities and assisted living facilities reduces curb appeal and increases maintenance costs significantly
Plantation Weather & Pigeon Activity
How Plantation's typical weather conditions influence pigeon behavior throughout the year.
| Season | Avg High | Avg Low | Precipitation | Pigeon Impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | 78°F | 56°F | 4.0 in/mo | Breeding accelerates with warming temps |
| Summer | 92°F | 72°F | 5.5 in/mo | Continuous breeding; shade-seeking behavior (peak activity: March through October) |
| Fall | 76°F | 55°F | 3.5 in/mo | Populations remain high; storm displacement |
| Winter | 58°F | 38°F | 3.8 in/mo | Mild enough for year-round breeding |
Getting to Your Plantation Service Appointment
Traffic and scheduling considerations for Plantation pigeon control services.
Morning Appointments
Suitable for residential properties in Plantation. Early starts (7–9 AM) let the crew complete most installations before afternoon heat or traffic. Pigeons are highly active at dawn, making morning the ideal time for behavioral assessment.
Midday Appointments
Suitable for commercial properties in Plantation where early access may be restricted. Providers navigate Plantation traffic patterns efficiently, and midday scheduling avoids peak commute hours for both the crew and your business operations.
Weekend & Flexible Scheduling
Many providers offer Saturday appointments for Plantation properties where weekday access is difficult. Urgent situations are often accommodated quickly. Contact us and we'll help find a time that works for your schedule.
Our Services
Professional pigeon and bird control solutions tailored to your property and needs.

Pigeon Netting
Heavy-duty pigeon netting systems for courtyards, loading docks, canopies, and large openings. UV-stabilized mesh keeps birds out while maintaining aesthetics.
Learn More
Pigeon Exclusion
Permanent physical barriers that prevent pigeons from roosting and nesting. Solar panel guards, building exclusion, and custom solutions for any structure.
Learn More
Bird Spike Installation
Professional bird spike installation for ledges, rooflines, signs, and parapets. Stainless steel spikes provide permanent, humane deterrence for any building type.
Learn MoreWhat Our Customers Say
Trusted by thousands of homeowners and businesses
“The matching was fast and the provider quotes were competitive. I ended up getting quotes from two providers through the service and chose the one with the better warranty. It's helpful to have options without doing the legwork myself.”
Derek Lin
Portland, OR · Gutter Guard Installation
“The matching service worked well. Took about a day to get connected, and the provider they sent was knowledgeable. Only giving 4 stars because the provider's availability was tighter than I expected — had to wait a week for the install.”
Raymond Okonkwo
Chicago, IL · Bird Spikes Installation
“Great referral experience. I described my warehouse pigeon problem, and within 24 hours I was speaking with a commercial bird control provider who understood the scale of the project. The referral was spot on for what I needed.”
Cynthia Park
Denver, CO · Warehouse Bird Control
“Our hotel's rooftop HVAC units were a pigeon magnet. WD Pigeon Solutions connected us with a commercial provider who installed screening around all 12 units over a weekend so there was zero guest disruption. Really appreciated how quickly they found someone who could handle the scale.”
Vikram Patel
San Diego, CA · AC Unit Protection
“I had no idea where to find a reliable pigeon control company. WD Pigeon Solutions matched me with a local specialist who did a great job sealing up my attic. Saved me hours of researching and calling around.”
Linda Foster
Austin, TX · Attic Sealing
“The provider they matched us with did solid work on our loading dock deterrents, but communication between referral and install took a few days longer than I'd hoped. The end result was good — just wish the handoff was smoother. Would still use the service again.”
Gloria Simmons
Tampa, FL · Loading Dock Bird Control
“Our church had pigeons in the bell tower for years. Several companies gave us quotes but none seemed right. The provider WD Pigeon Solutions referred specialized in historic buildings and knew exactly how to protect the original structure. Bless them.”
Susan Talbot
Charlotte, NC · Church Steeple Protection
“As a restaurant owner, I needed someone fast for a health inspection issue. WD Pigeon Solutions matched me with a provider who came out the next day. The service saved me from a potential violation. Highly recommend using a matching service instead of cold-calling companies.”
Thomas Hernandez
Miami, FL · Restaurant Pigeon Solutions
“I was skeptical about using a matching service, but it turned out to be the easiest part of the whole process. They asked the right questions upfront so the provider arrived already knowing what to expect. The exclusion system has held up beautifully through two seasons now.”
Martha Jennings
Nashville, TN · Structural Exclusion
“I manage a portfolio of properties and was tired of vetting pigeon control companies one by one. Now I use WD Pigeon Solutions for every property — they connect me with vetted providers and handle the initial screening. Streamlined my workflow significantly.”
James Okafor
Oakland, CA · Multi-Property Management
“Good experience overall. The provider I was matched with did quality work on our balcony netting. The only hiccup was some back-and-forth on scheduling, but once they arrived, the installation was quick and the netting is nearly invisible.”
Patricia Winters
Seattle, WA · Balcony Pigeon Proofing
“WD Pigeon Solutions connected me with a local provider who installed solar panel mesh guards. The process was smooth — submitted my info and had a quote within hours. The provider they matched me with was professional and thorough.”
Mark Reynolds
Phoenix, AZ · Solar Panel Protection
Plantation, Florida Pigeon Control FAQ
Find answers to common questions about our pigeon control services.
Free Pigeon Control Tools
Use our interactive tools to assess your pigeon problem and find the right solution.
Infestation Severity Assessment
Answer a series of questions about your pigeon problem to determine the severity level and get recommended next steps for treatment.
Use ToolProperty Risk Evaluator
Evaluate your property's vulnerability to pigeon infestation based on building type, location, nearby food sources, and structural features.
Use ToolROI Calculator for Pigeon Prevention
Calculate the return on investment for pigeon prevention measures by comparing upfront costs against ongoing damage and cleanup expenses.
Use ToolService Area Finder
Enter your zip code or city to find the nearest WD Pigeon Solutions service area and get connected with local pigeon control experts.
Use ToolPigeon Species Identifier
Upload a photo or describe the bird you've spotted to identify the species and learn about its behavior, nesting habits, and control methods.
Use ToolDroppings Health Risk Checker
Assess the health risks associated with pigeon droppings at your property based on accumulation level, location, and exposure factors.
Use ToolDid You Know?
Fascinating pigeon facts that might surprise you.
A flock of just 100 pigeons can produce over 2,400 pounds of droppings in a single year.
Pigeons can fly at speeds of up to 77.6 mph, making them one of the fastest birds in the world.
Pigeon droppings carry over 60 transmittable diseases, including histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis.
Feral pigeon populations can double in just 2 months under ideal conditions.
A single pigeon produces about 25 pounds of droppings per year, which can corrode metal and damage building facades.
Pigeons can find their way home from over 1,300 miles away — they were used as message carriers in both World Wars.
Pigeon Control in Plantation, Florida
See how WD Pigeon Solutions connects Plantation properties with providers using professional, humane pigeon removal and exclusion techniques.

How It Works
Getting pigeon-free is easy. Just three simple steps.
Contact Us
Call us, fill out our form, or chat online. Describe your pigeon problem and we'll listen carefully.
Get Free Quote
We'll assess your situation and provide a detailed, no-obligation quote — completely free.
Schedule Service
Pick a time that works for you. Our licensed professionals will handle the rest — guaranteed.
Common Pigeon Infestations
Identify your pigeon problem and learn about effective solutions.
HighHVAC & Ductwork Nesting
Pigeons nesting near HVAC systems spread diseases through ventilation, clog filters, and cause expensive equipment failures and indoor air quality problems.
Learn More
MediumBalcony & Patio Invasion
Pigeons roosting on balconies and patios leave droppings, feathers, and nesting debris that create unsanitary conditions and make outdoor spaces unusable.
Learn More
CriticalWarehouse & Commercial Infestations
Large commercial spaces attract massive pigeon flocks. Droppings contaminate inventory, create slip hazards, and can trigger health code violations and costly fines.
Learn More
MediumParking Garage Roosting
Pigeons in parking structures damage vehicles with acidic droppings, create liability issues from slippery surfaces, and drive away customers and tenants.
Learn MoreOther Cities Near Plantation
Providers are also available in these nearby Florida communities.
More Plantation Pigeon Control Resources
Explore services, tools, and guides for Plantation, Florida property owners.
All Florida Locations
Browse all 73 cities we serve in Florida.
Pigeon Control Services
Comprehensive pigeon management and population control.
Bird Control Services
Full-spectrum bird deterrent systems for any property.
Pigeon Exclusion
Permanent physical barriers for lasting pigeon prevention.
Pigeon Control in Brevard County
Professional pigeon removal services in Brevard County, Florida.
Pigeon Control in Boca Raton
Professional pigeon removal services in Boca Raton, Florida.
Pigeon Control in Bradenton
Professional pigeon removal services in Bradenton, Florida.
Pigeon Control in Miami Gardens
Professional pigeon removal services in Miami Gardens, Florida.
Free Pigeon Control Tools
Interactive calculators and assessment tools.
Pigeon Prevention Guide
Expert tips for keeping pigeons away long-term.
Our Blog
Articles on pigeon behavior, control methods, and property protection.
Warning Signs of a Pigeon Problem in Plantation
- Eggshell fragments or juvenile birds visible on rooftops or in building cavities
- Nesting materials (twigs, feathers, debris) visible in building crevices or under eaves
- Blocked gutters and drainage systems from nesting debris
- Visible damage to rooftop equipment, solar panels, or signage
- Accumulation of droppings on ledges, windowsills, rooftops, or walkways
- Unpleasant odors from droppings and decomposing nesting materials
- Feathers and debris collecting near air intake vents or HVAC systems
- Groups of pigeons repeatedly returning to the same rooftop or ledge at dusk
- White streaking below rooflines or window ledges indicating active roosts above
- Increased insect activity (mites, ticks, beetles) associated with pigeon nests
DIY vs. Professional Pigeon Control in Plantation
| DIY Method | Effectiveness | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Removing food sources | Helpful as part of a broader plan | Urban environments provide too many alternative food sources for this alone |
| Ultrasonic devices | Minimal proven effectiveness | Most peer-reviewed studies show negligible impact on pigeon behavior |
| Homemade spice or vinegar sprays | Very short-term deterrent | Washes away with rain and requires constant reapplication |
| Bird gel or sticky repellent | Mildly effective on flat ledges | Collects dust and debris quickly, loses stickiness, and can trap small songbirds |
| Visual deterrents (fake owls, reflective tape) | Temporarily effective for 1-2 weeks | Pigeons quickly habituate and ignore them |
Why Hire a Professional?
- Commercial-grade deterrent products last years, not weeks
- Comprehensive property assessment identifies all roosting and nesting sites
- Knowledge of local regulations regarding bird control methods
- Licensed and insured protection for your Plantation property
- Safe handling and cleanup of droppings containing potentially harmful pathogens
- Proper installation ensures spikes, netting, and exclusion devices actually work
Pigeon Prevention Checklist for Plantation Properties
| Task | Frequency | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Ensure trash containers are sealed and food waste is managed | Daily | High |
| Inspect building exterior for new nesting activity | Monthly | High |
| Clean droppings from ledges, walkways, and rooftops | Weekly to biweekly | High |
| Check loading dock and dumpster areas for spilled grain or food waste | Weekly | High |
| Assess effectiveness of current deterrent measures | Annually | High |
| Power-wash stained surfaces to remove acidic residue before it etches | Quarterly | Medium |
| Ensure rooftop HVAC intake screens are intact and free of feathers | Monthly | High |
| Clean gutters and drainage systems of nesting debris | Biannually | Medium |
Health Risks from Pigeon Infestations in Plantation
Pigeon droppings and nests harbor pathogens that pose real health risks. Professional cleanup is strongly recommended.
Aspergillosis
Cause: Inhalation of Aspergillus fumigatus spores that thrive in accumulated droppings and nesting debris
Symptoms: Allergic reactions, chronic cough, wheezing; invasive lung infection in immunocompromised patients
Source: CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ectoparasite infestations
Cause: Pigeon mites, ticks, and bird bugs that can migrate into living spaces from nearby nests
Symptoms: Skin irritation, bites; potential secondary infections
Source: University extension entomology departments
Psittacosis
Cause: Inhalation of Chlamydia psittaci bacteria from dried droppings or feather dust
Symptoms: Pneumonia-like illness with fever, headache, and dry cough
Source: CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cryptococcosis
Cause: Exposure to Cryptococcus neoformans fungus commonly found in pigeon droppings
Symptoms: Lung infection that may spread to the nervous system, causing meningitis
Source: CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Salmonellosis
Cause: Contact with surfaces contaminated by pigeon droppings
Symptoms: Gastrointestinal illness including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Source: WHO — World Health Organization
Health information sourced from CDC and WHO public health guidelines. Consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.
Pigeon Control Cost Guide for Plantation
Pricing depends on the scope of work needed. We provide transparent, itemized quotes after a complimentary property inspection so there are no surprises.
| Service | Pricing | Key Factors |
|---|---|---|
| Initial inspection and assessment | Usually free | Most professional companies offer complimentary inspections |
| Ongoing maintenance program | Monthly or quarterly retainer | Property size, severity history, number of deterrent systems maintained |
| Solar panel protection | Varies by system size | Number of panels, roof type, critter guard material |
| Dropping cleanup and sanitization | Varies by area and accumulation | Square footage, depth of accumulation, accessibility, disposal requirements |
| Pigeon trapping and removal | Varies by scope | Number of pigeons, duration of trapping program, follow-up visits |
| Ledge modification and slope panels | Varies by linear footage | Material (metal vs. PVC), angle of slope, number of ledges treated |
| Bird netting installation | Varies by square footage | Net material, area coverage, mounting hardware requirements |
Get Pigeon-Free in Plantation, Florida
Request your free inspection and quote today. Providers in Plantation are ready to help.